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New research explores causal models beyond global monotonicity and partial observations

Researchers have developed new frameworks for understanding causal relationships in complex systems, particularly when dealing with non-monotonicity and partial observability. One paper introduces non-monotone triangular structural causal models (NM-TM-SCMs) to address scenarios where global monotonicity assumptions are violated, demonstrating improved counterfactual recovery in simulations. Another line of work presents Partially Observed Structural Causal Models (POSCMs) to formalize causal systems with latent contexts, offering a more general approach than standard SCMs. Additionally, a score-based greedy search method, Latent variable Greedy Equivalence Search (LGES), is proposed for identifying structures in partially observed linear causal models, aiming to mitigate issues found in constraint-based methods. AI

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IMPACT Advances in causal inference frameworks could lead to more robust and interpretable AI systems, particularly in domains requiring understanding of complex interactions and latent factors.

RANK_REASON This cluster contains multiple arXiv preprints detailing novel theoretical frameworks and algorithms for causal inference and discovery.

Read on arXiv cs.LG →

COVERAGE [4]

  1. arXiv cs.LG TIER_1 · Pengcheng Tan, Jiang Chen, Dehui Du ·

    Counterfactual identifiability beyond global monotonicity: non-monotone triangular structural causal models

    arXiv:2605.04413v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Structural causal models provide a unified semantics for interventions and counterfactuals, but most identifiability results rely on restrictive assumptions like global monotonicity, which are often violated in embodied interaction,…

  2. arXiv cs.LG TIER_1 · Turan Orujlu, Jordan Matelsky, Martin V. Butz, Charley M. Wu, Konrad P. Kording ·

    Partially Observed Structural Causal Models

    arXiv:2605.03268v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Here we introduce Partially Observed Structural Causal Models (POSCMs) that formalize causal systems where latent contexts co-determine both the interaction structure and downstream mechanisms on observed variables. POSCMs provide a…

  3. arXiv cs.LG TIER_1 · Xinshuai Dong, Ignavier Ng, Haoyue Dai, Jiaqi Sun, Xiangchen Song, Peter Spirtes, Kun Zhang ·

    Score-based Greedy Search for Structure Identification of Partially Observed Linear Causal Models

    arXiv:2510.04378v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Identifying the structure of a partially observed causal system is essential to various scientific fields. Recent advances have focused on constraint-based causal discovery to solve this problem, and yet in practice these method…

  4. arXiv stat.ML TIER_1 · Konrad P. Kording ·

    Partially Observed Structural Causal Models

    Here we introduce Partially Observed Structural Causal Models (POSCMs) that formalize causal systems where latent contexts co-determine both the interaction structure and downstream mechanisms on observed variables. POSCMs provide an extension of structural causal models (SCMs), …